English

2011-12-13T05:15:00.001-08:00

UNIT 9

Emotion

You have surely been angry at someone, and you have been afraid of something. You love some people and hate some. Anger and fear, love and hate are emotions. Some other emotions are joy, hope, delight, despair sadness and disgust. Every one has emotions.

Emotions come upon you suddenly. You do not thinks emotions, you feel them. You do not think, "This is an uncaged tiger, I have heard that tigers sometimes kill and eat human beings. I am a human beings, so I will now be afraid of the tiger." Instead, you feel afraid instantly upon finding your self near a tiger out of its cage. You do not think afraid, you feel afraid.

Emotion can be aroused when information comes to you trough your senses. You see someone dear to you, and you feel love. You hear a scraping sound m a dark room, and you feel fear .You smell an unpleasant odor and you fell disgusted Emotions can also be aroused by thoughts You think of someone who embarrassed you, and feel anger or hate. You think of a test

you are not ready to take, and you feel fear or sense defeat.

Thought you are not aware of can also bring out emotions. These are called unconscious thoughts. For instance, when you were very small you may have been scared by a big, barking dog. You forgot about this unpleasant happening, but it is stored in your unconscious memory You may now be nervous of a big dogs.

People seem to be born with a few emotions and gradually learn the rest. A newborn baby fears falling and loud sounds. Yet very young babies do not seem to fear anything else. They must learn to be afraid of fire dangerous animals, and other things that can harm them. The fears of falling and loud sounds do not have to be learned.

The "word" emotion comes from the Latin word exmovere , meaning " to move you ,or to stir up." Your emotions move you, carry you away stir you up, and cause you to act. Joy may make up jump up and down, clap your hands, and smile or laugh. Fear may make you run and scream, or stand and tremble.

Emotion also affect you body in ways you are not aware of fear cause the adrenal glands to secret into your blood a chemical substance called adrenaline. Adrenaline makes your beat faster, your blood to go from your muscles, stopping digestion. Sugar stored I your muscles and liver sent into your blood. You may tramble and perspire. Your body is ready to react to what is causing your fear. You may run away, or try to fight or hide.

Exercise 1

1. What is emotion? Give some examples to support you answer.

Emotion, etymologically, means “to move you” or “to stir up” from Latin word, “Exmovere”. It means that your emotions move you, carry you away, stir you up, and cause you to act.

2. How does emotion come to you? Give the example to make you idea clearer.

Emotion comes upon me suddenly. I do not think emotions, I feel them. For example: I do not think, “This is an uncaged tiger, I have heard that tigers sometimes kill and eat human beings. I am a human being, so I will now be afraid of the tiger.” Instead, I feel afraid instantly upon finding myself near a tiger out of its cage. I do not think afraid, I feel afraid.

3. You do not think emotion, you feel them (p.2). what does this statement mean?

From the example situation in the second paragraph that tells about facing a tiger, you feel afraid instantly upon finding yourself near a tiger out of its cage. You do not think, “This is an uncaged tiger, I have heard that tigers sometimes kill and eat human beings. I am a human beings, so I will now be afraid of the tiger.” So, the afraid-feeling that comes up instantly is the feeling that we are not think before.

4. What is you opinion if someone doesn’t have unconscious thought?

If someone does not have unconscious thought, I think he/she will not have any emotion. For example: a baby who feels hungry wants his/her mother to give him/her a food. So, she/he will cry if his/her mother does not give him/her any food. The hunger is called unconscious thought and the cry is called emotion. I think it is impossible that every baby will never felt hungry. If the baby will never felt hungry, he/she will never cry for foods.

5. Observe the statement of the first and the last sentences of paragraph 5. What do you think of the relationship of both?

The first sentences: “People seem to be born with a few emotions and gradually learn the rest.” the examples of “a few emotions” are the fears of falling and loud sounds. Whereas, “the rest” means emotions that come later. So, the babies will learn the later emotions gradually along with the increasing of their ages. The examples of “the rest” are afraid-feeling of fire, dangerous animal, and other things that can harm them.

The fears of falling and loud sounds come out when the people were just born, so, the fears of falling and loud sounds do not have to be learned.

6. How do babies "Learn" to be afraid of the dangerous things?

Babies “learn” to be afraid of the dangerous things by having a few emotions when he/she was just born and gradually by learning the rest. A newborn baby fears falling and loud sounds. Yet very young babies do not seem to fear anything else. They must learn to be afraid of fire, dangerous animals, and other things that can harm them.

7. What happens if we do not have emotion?

If we do not have emotion, there would not be something that moves us, carries us away, stirs us up, and causes us to act.

8. What is the relationship between emotion and our body?

The relationship between emotion and our body is the fact that emotion also affects our body in ways we are not aware of fear causes the adrenal glands to secret into our blood a chemical substance called adrenaline.

The Future of Psychology

2011-11-30T08:45:00.000-08:00

2011-11-11T04:00:00.001-08:00

Unit 1: Psychology At a Glance

1. Behavior: Way of behaving; act

2. Attention: careful thought; concern; interest; consideration; notice; emphasis; tent

3. Mankind: The human race

4. Remains: left, stay, abide, still; permanent; persistent; equable; unchanged;

5. Define: Mean; interpret;

6. Manifestation: Realization; demonstration, disclosure, display, explanation, exposure

7. Investigate: Examine; matted

8. Continuity: ongoing; further

9. Cognitive: Theory

Unit 2: Sigmund Freud

1. Explored: Roamed; cruise

2. Developed: Evolve; Foster

3. Neurosis: Mental illness; nerve pain; aberration; abnormality; breakdown

4. Disturbances: Annoyances; interruptions

5. Fascinated: amazed; admired

6. Diseases: Illness; ache, endemic

7. Fellowship: Scholarship; comradeship; alliance; amity; companionship

8. Guidance: Instruction, direction, advice

9. Insight: Perception; understanding

10. Unconscious: Unaware; not deliberate; without realizing

11. Id: Unconscious

12. Ego: Subconscious

13. Superego: Conscious

14. Instinctive: Natural behavior

15. Pleasure: Happiness; contentment; convenience;

16. Infancy: Early stage of development; period of being a child

17. Acquire: Obtain; get

18. Uncover: Open; disclose; clear; expose; answer; reveal; express

Unit 4: On Being Shy

1. Inferior: Low quality; lowly; second

2. Discover: Find; locate; come across; detect; devise; trace

3. Rid of: Remove, eliminate; discard; throw away

4. Eliminate: Set aside; reject; ignore; separate out; wipe out

5. Overnight: whole night; all night long

6. Gradually: Step by step, installment; little by little

7. Painful: Injurious; irritating

8. Comparisons: Ratio

9. Compliment: Greet; commendation; approbation

10. Coworkers: Fellow workers; workmates; colleague

11. Small talk: Chit-chat, whisper

12. Self-confidence: Self-esteem; aplomb

Unit 5: Childhood Depression

1. Complaint: Grievant; lamenting; plaint; remonstrate

2. Addressed: Be given; be showed; be represented;

3. Accuse: Incriminate; judge;

4. Stealing: Scrounge; thieve; purloin, despoil, cheat, abduct

5. Vowed: Cursed; oath

6. Harmless: Peril; jeopardy; danger

7. “blues”: Low spirit; melancholy; depression

8. Disorder: Confusion

9. Features: Prominent; eminent

10. Ailments: Diseases; illnesses

11. Overwhelmingly: Abundant; plenteous; plentiful; superfluously; exuberate

12. Suffer: Languished; endure; sustain

13. Anxiety: restlessness; discomfort; unrest; nerves; disquiet; insecurity; disquietude; perturbation; fidgetiness

14. Suicide: self-destruction; self-immolation; self-slaughter; put of death

15. Appetite: crave; demand; hunger.

16. Irritability: Petulant; short-tempered; hot-headed; irascible

17. Evidence: Information; explanation; proof

18. Predisposition: Tendency; propensity; trend; inclination; lean; bent; proclivity

19. Triggered: Activator; prime mover

20. Vice versa: opposite; another way; on the contrary; otherwise; whereas

2011-10-19T06:42:00.000-07:00

UNIT 1: PSYCHOLOGY AT THE GLANCE
All : Hello! Good afternoon Mr. Budi! Hi!
Trita : Okay, we are from English group. We have four members in here. Who is:
Shaviera : I am Shaviera
Dhira : I am Dhira
Jessica : I am Jessica
Trita : Okay, We would like to try to make a conversation about “Psychology at The Glance”, “Sigmund Freud”, and “Childhood Depression”. We will start from “Psychology at The Glance”
Jessica : Okay, did you know about psychology?
Shaviera : I know, I know. Psychology can be defined as a science of the individual activity. It is maybe, I think.
Trita : Okay, what is name of some parts of individual activity?
Dhira : hmm.. I think there are so many individual activities in our daily life like sleeping, eating, drinking, listening to music, and so many more
Jessica : Include swimming?
Dhira : Ya, swimming, too
Trita : Include dancing?
Dhira : Hmm, it depends, I think. If we do it with ourselves, it is just like an individual activity, but if we do it with some friends, we call it group activity, I think.
Jessica : I love swimming, is that activity?
Dhira : Ya, of course. But, I am still confused that when do we call an individual completely inactive?
Jessica : Ya, the way to be completely inactive is to be dead. If we were dead, so…
All : (laughing)
Shaviera : ooo.. Why do we study human behavior?
Trita : Because I want to know personality from person and what had happened from individual activities, too
Shaviera : Okay, umm… I agree, I agree

UNIT 2: SIGMUND FREUD
Jessica : Okay, by the way about psychology, and some people who is an icon of psychology, his name is Sigmund Freud. Did you know?
Others : Ya, I know!
Jessica : When was he born?
Shaviera : He was born in 1856
Trita : Okay, and how old was he died?
Dhira : I remember tht, he died when he was 83 years old
Shaviera : Oh ya, when did he join university? What major did he study?
Jessica : Umm, he joined university when he was 17 years old and majored in medicine
Dhira : So, why did he want to be a doctor?
Trita : Because his attendant in a lecture of nature has made him fascinated to become a doctor
Jessica : So, he was so smart
Others : Ya! Very very smart mister! Good!

UNIT 5: CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION
Dhira : So, guys, I have a neighbor. She has a child. She’s five years old. Umm, she is of course still in a middle childhood, right?
Others : Ya!
Dhira : I see that she does not have so many friends.. And.. She often says that “Nobody likes me!”, so, what happens?
Trita : Well, so many cases like this, and many factors to background of childhood like “nobody likes me!”. They will come and tell to their parents.
Shaviera : And what happens when 10 years old children say “Nobody likes me!”?
Jessica : Umm actually they will afraid to going to school to see ….. so poor.. The children can get depression, right?
Others : It is so scream, ya..
Dhira : Ya!
Trita : And what had happened to the parents when their children get depression?
Shaviera : Umm maybe the parents try to help the children.. And give them a good suggestion, like love and care
Jessica : Okay, it is a situation our parents must be active
Trita : And make a positive thinking
Others : Ya!
Jessica : Ya.. About the children’s life
All : (laugh)
Trita : Okay friends and Mr. Budi, we think it is finish for our conversation. So, we have something special, especially for you, Mr. Budi! And.. Check it out!
All : One.. Two.. Three! (singing)

English

2011-10-01T20:22:00.000-07:00

UNIT 1 PSYCHOLOGY AT GLANCE

   Psychology studies the activities of individual .The science of human
behaviors is actually a group of sciences .On one side we find psychology
investigating the organs and cells that do the work of the organism ,and the
other side we see the social sciences studying nations and groups of
mankind. There is room for a middle science that shall focus its attention on
the individual. That middle science is psychology. Psychology studies the
individual's activities through-out his span of life, from the beginning before
birth, up through the end of life .During this life history, the Man remains
the same individual, although his behavior shows continuity along whit
many changes. Psychology
   Compares children and adults ,the normal and the abnormal and the human
and the animal. It is interested in the differences between one individual and
another, and still more interested, if possible, in the general laws of activity
including event of very different individuals-laws, for example, of growth
learning, thinking and emotion. Psychology can be defined as the science of
the individual's activities.
   The word "activity" is used here in a broad sense .It includes not only
motor activities like walking and speaking but also cognitive (knowledgegetting)
activities like seeing ,hearing ,remembering ,thinking ,and other
emotional activities like laughing and crying, or feeling happy or sad. These
last may seem passive, because they are activities, for they depend on the
life of the organism .Any manifestation of life can be called an activity .No
matter how passive an individual may seem to himself in watching a game
or listening to music, he is really carrying on an activity. The only way to be
completely in active is to be dead.

Exercise 1

1.What is psychology?

Psychology is the social sciences studying nations and groups of mankind, especially of human behaviors.

2.Name some individual activities?

listening, writting, speaking, running

3.give examples of motor, cognitive, and emotional activities?

motor activities like walking and speaking

cognitive activities like seeing and hearing

emotional activities like feeling happy and sad

4. is listening music a kind of activity? Why? Why not?

Yes it's. because activities is includes not only motor activities and emotional activities but also cognitive activities. like hearing.

5. what is meant by: the science of human behavior actually a group of sciences?

6. when do we call an individual completely inactive?

The only way we call an individual completely inactive is to be dead

7. The word “activity” is used in a very broad sense what does it mean?

8. what kind of activity is happening with you when you write a letter for your girl/boyfriend?

Shy and happy

9. Why do we study human behavior?

Because it helps you understand and appreciate people more.

10. what causes the differences between individuals?

Bcs peoples behaviour is different from each and every one. they had developed different mentality the method their parents has given them a method. According to the climate only people habituated to develop their mentality is differently. that is why they defer from each and every one. First of each and every one has to motivate from the inner side then they had a growth

UNIT 2

SINGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian doctor who explored the workings of

the human mind .He developed psychoanalysis, which is both a way treating

neurosis, or mental disturbances, and a theory of how the mind works.

Freud was born in Moravia, now part of Czechoslovakia. When he was

four, his family moved to Vienna, Austria. Freud entered the University of

Vienna when he was 17.One day he attended a lecture on nature. He was so

fascinated that he made up his mind to become a doctor.

Freud became interested in diseases of the mind. In 1885, he won a

fellowship to study in Paris under the guidance of a doctor, Jean Martin

Chariot, who was famous for his work on this kind of diseases. The next

year, Freud returned to Vienna, married, and began to treat diseases of the

mind.

Freud ha great insight into the human mind .He thought that every

person is born whit certain needs, he said, are unconscious - people are not a

ware of thinking a bout such needs. Freud named the part of mindcontrolling these instinctive unconscious needs the id, and said that person's

id operates to give pleasure.

Freud also said that, as we grow up from infancy, we acquire an ego, a

collection of memories and thoughts that help us deal with the word around

us. We continue to grow, and from the teaching of our family and society,

we develop a superego- a conscience. Our superego and id often push in

opposite ways .Our ego usually reduces this conflict by helping us to get

pleasure without "hurting " our conscience.

But if a person unconscious thoughts and needs are very strong, they

may cause unusual behavior, or neurosis. Freud's treatment for neurosis is

psychoanalysis (examination of the mind), a method for uncovering these

unconscious thoughts and understanding how they cause problems, Freud

thoughts that dreams - even dreams that seem to make no sense- are a very

important clue to understanding the mind.

EXERCISE

1. When was Sigmund Freud born?

He was born in 1856

2. How old did he die?

1. He died when he was 83 years old

3. What was he concerned whit?

He concerned with the workings of the human mind, so he decided to developed psychoanalysis, which is both a way treating neurosis or mental disturbances, and a theory of how the mind works.

4. When did he join University? What major did he study?

He joined university when he was 17 years old and majored in medicine.

5. Why did he want to be a doctor?

Because his attendant in a lecture on nature has made him fascinated to become a doctor

6. Who is jean martin chariot?

Jean Martin Charcot is Freud’s guide in his fellowship in Paris

7. According to Freud, food and drink are unconscious needs .Why did he

say so?

Freud said that food and drink are unconscious needs because he thought that people are not aware to think about food and drink which are certain needs that every person was born with.

8. These needs, he sad, are unconscious - people are no aware of thinking about such needs. What does "dash" (-)" mean?

It means to explain what unconscious is.

9. Mention the examples of conscious needs and don't forget to explain

each?

The examples of conscious needs:

Conscious needs there when a child has grown up to be adult. He/she has a moral that makes him/her feels guilty after he/she did free sex

10. What do id, ego, and superego mean? Explain by giving examples of

each?

- Id : called Unconscious, the part of mind controlling these instinctive unconscious needs

Example: a child’s needs (such foods and drinks) has to be completed

- Ego : subconscious, a collection of memories and thoughts that help us deal with the word around us

Example:a child that really hungry knows that he has to wait for the lunch time to eat.

- Super ego: conscience, a rules that controls the unconscious needs

Example: social rules from the teaching of family and society

unit 4

ON BEING SHY

How I Wish I Weren't Shy !

Preview the topic

READING

How many times have you felt angry whit your self because you were too

shy to speak up when you really wanted to have to conversation whit others

person ? Are parties times for standing in the corner and watching others

chat and dance - afraid to join them ? Do you listen to discussions but do

not give your opinions because you think you are not smart enough ? Do

you WIsh you be friendly but don't know how? All these thoughts lead to

unhappy feelings.

This kind of unhappiness comes about not because other people are

trying to hurt us. We make this unhappiness for ourselves . Naturally we

really don't to hurt ourselves, but often we group up thinking we are not as

good as others- we are inferior; everyone is better, smarter, and more

interesting. These negative thoughts make us shy . Why do we do this to

ourselves? Only a psychologist can discover the reasons . It is interesting to

note that very large numbers of people are shy. There is , however good

news . If we want to get rid of shyness , it can be done.

We can help ourselves be rid of shyness. Nobody is perfect and

everybody has good qualities. Is it fair to pay attention to our imperfections

and overlook our good qualities ? Definitely not! The following suggestions

may be helpful in reducing shyness:

1. First, understand that you cannot eliminate shyness overnight. It is a

slow process that you must work in gradually .

2. Think about situations when being shy is most painful. Perhaps your

biggest problem is making small talk with a stranger at a party . In that

case , prepare yourself whit some interesting current news to talk about

The weather is a topic often used for starting conversations.

3. Getting the other person to talk about himself/ herself is a clever idea.

Many people enjoy talking about themselves - or giving their opinions.

For example, you can say something like, "I notice you like modern

jewelry; your rings are very unusual. Did you design them yourself?"

This can be the start of a friendship.

4. Whenever you begin making negative comparisons between yourself

and others , force yourself to stop doing that immediately . Take your

thoughts of yourself. Observe others and think of a compliment with

which to start a conversation with someone.

5. If you are shy at work where there are many coworkers, choose the

least intimidating person to the perhaps have coffee with or make casual small talk with.

6. Knows that if in effort to socialize sometimes is unsuccessful, it

happens to everyone now and then. Feel proud of yourself for making the

effort.

7. If you are required to give a report to a group, tell them that you feel

nervous. This feeling is quite natural , and everyone can sympathize.

Expressing that the group will make you feel better.

8. Think about your good qualities and believe that you are as good as

anyone else .... Because you are!

9. Take a course in developing self- confidence or read books on the

subject.

Life is much more enjoyable for people who are not shy.

Exercise 1

1. Is it difficult for you to ask strangers for the directions or information ?

Answer : No, because if we need some information or direction, we don’t be shy to ask strangers the information or direction.

2. Do you let others make decision for you because you are afraid to speak up ?

Answer : No, we must be brave to speak up for our self.

3. When you are with people who talk with others easily , do you wish you were able to do that ?

Answer : Yes, we wish we were able to do that. Because, we can get a motivation and try to walk with other easly.

4. In what situations do you feel Shy and uncomfortable ?

Answer : we feel shy and uncomfortable if we do something wrong and we are in distressed situations.

UNIT 5

UNIT 5 CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION

"Nobody likes me" is a common complaint in middle childhood, when

children tend to be popularity conscious. But when these words were
addressed to a school principal by an 8-year Old boy in Florida whose
classmate had accused him of stealing from the teacher's purse, it was a
danger signal. The boy vowed that he would never return to school and he
never did. Two days later, he hanged him self by a belt from the top rail of
his bunk bed.
   Fortunately, depressed children rarely go to such lengths, though suicide
among young people is on the increase. How can we tell the difference
between a harmless period of the "blues" (which we all experience at times)
and a major affective disorder that is, a disorder of mood? The basic
symptoms of an affective disorder are similar from childhood, by some
features are age-specific 9dsm Ill-r, 1987).
   Friendlessness is only one sign of childhood depression. This
disorder is also characterized by inability to have fun or to concentrate, and
by and absence of normal emotional reactions. Depressed children are
frequently tired, extremely active, or inactive. They walk very little, cry a
great deal, have trouble concentrating, sleep to much or too little, lose their
appetite, start doing poorly in school, look unhappy, complain of physical
ailments, feel overwhelmingly guilty, suffer severe separation anxiety
(which may take the form of the school phobia), or think often about death
or suicide. Any four or five of these symptoms may support a diagnosis of
depression, especially when they represent a marked change from the child's
usual pattern. Parents do not always recognize "minor" problems like sleep
disturbances, loss of appetite, and irritability as signs of depression, but
children themselves are often able to describe how they feel.
   No one is sure of the exact cause of depression in children or adults.
There is some evidence for a biochemical predisposition, which may be
triggered by specific experiences. Depression school age-children are
children likely to lack social and academic competence, but it is not clear
   Whether incompetence causes depression or vice versa. The parents or
depressed children are more likely to be depressed themselves, suggesting a
possible genetic factor, a reflection of general stress in ill families, or the
result of poor parenting practices by disturbed parents.

1.what happens when 5 years old children say "nobody likes me"?
they will come and tell to their parents

2.what happens when 10 years old children say "nobody likes me"?
actually they will afraid to going to school to see their friends

3. what the children do when they get depression?
the children will get stress and probably they will suicide them self

4.why do the childrenget depression?
when they feel friendlessness because they got accused by their friends

5.when the children are accused by their friends,will they get depression?
they will cause deep inside their heart or their mentality wont accept it. they are just 5 years old

6.what is the symptom of childhood depression?
they are getting passive to do something.

7.what happens to the parents when their children get depression?
they try to help their child to give them a good advices

UNIT 7

THE FAMILY AND PERSONALITY

DEVELOPMENT

The family that Vicky and Jason grow up in is probably the largest single influence on their development. Were their births planned and welcome? How old were their parents? How well do the personalities of parents and child mesh? Are the parents healty? Are they wealthy or poor? How many people live at home? Influence travels in the other direction too. Children also effect their parent in untold ways, transforming parents day-to-day moods, priorities and plans for the future-even a marriage it self.

Family life for both Vicky and Jason is quite different from what it would have been a century ago, and family life is likely to change even more in the future. A child growing up today is likely to have only one sibling, a mother who works outside the home, and a father who is more involved in his children’s lives than his own father was; and to receive a considerable amount of daily care from non relatives, first in caregiver’s home or day care center and than at preschool. Today’s children have a 40 percent chance of spending part of their childhood with only one parent’s probably the mother and probably because of divorce.

These changes have revolutionized the study of socialization how children learn the behaviors their culture considers appropriate. In the past, most reseacrhes focused on mothers and their children, but now researches are studying the bounds between children and their fathers, their brothers and sisters, their grandparents, and other caregiver’s.

Another fascinating trend in research is the focus on the entire family. How does Ellen and Charles’ marital relationship affect the relationship that each spouse has with Vicky? Do Julia and Jess differently with Jason when either one is alone with him yielded provocative findings. For example, when both parents are parents and talking to each other, they pay less attention to their child. In some families, the spouses closeness to each other detract their ability to be close to their children; in others the parenting experience strengthens the marriage tie. By looking at the family as a unit, we get a fuller picture of the web relationships among family members.

Glossary

Mesh : menghubungkan

Moods : suasana hati

Personalities : kepribadian

Considerable : banyak/besar

Sibling : saudara

Non realtives : tidak ada hubungan kekerabatan

Caregiver : pengasuh anak

Preschool : masa sebelum sekolah

Childhood : masa anak-anak

Divorce : perceraian, bercerai

Attention : perhatian

Spouse : suami/istri

Detract : mengurangi

Socialization : pemasyarakatan

Behavior : tingkah laku

Tie : mengikat, ikatan

Influence : pengaruh

Probably : mungkin

Century : Abad

Appropriate : Sesuai/tepat

Involved : melibatkan

Researches : penelitian

Bounds : batas

Fascinating : menarik

Entire : keseluruhan

Yielded : menghasilkan

Among : diantara

Exercise 1

Answer the following question

1. 1. Is there any relationship between the family and personality development?

Yes there is. Because family is the first place to develop our personality.

2. 2. What factors influence the children development?

Method of parents educate their children and children environment.

3. 3.What are the roles of parents for their children?

To give their children a good education and help to develop their children personality.

4. 4. What are the differences between the ancient and the recent family life?

The recent family life study of socialization how children learn the behaviors their culture considers appropriate. But, in the past most researches focused on mother, and their children, but now researches are studying the bounds between children and their father, their brothers and sisters, their grandparents, and other caregiver’s.

5. 5.Why can the spouses closeness lessen their ability to be close to children?

Because of when both parents are talking to each other, they pay less attention to their child. It may detract their ability to be close to their children. In others the parenting experience strengthens the marriage tie.